Introduction
Acne is one of the most common skin concerns in India, especially among teenagers and young adults living in humid coastal cities like Kochi. While acne itself can be frustrating, the marks and scars left behind can affect confidence, appearance, and skin texture for years. Fortunately, dermatology has evolved beyond home remedies and over-the-counter products — modern clinic treatments are designed to target acne at the root, clear active breakouts, and fade marks with evidence-based results.
Why Does Acne Occur?
Acne develops when the skin’s oil glands overproduce sebum, leading to clogged pores, bacterial growth, and inflammation. Several factors contribute:
✔ Genetics
✔ Hormonal changes (common in teenage years & PCOS)
✔ Stress & lifestyle
✔ Humidity & sweating (very common in Kochi)
✔ Diet (dairy, sugar, processed foods, whey protein)
✔ Incorrect skincare products
For women, acne may also correlate with hormonal fluctuations, thyroid, PCOS, and medication-related triggers.
Types of Acne (Very Important for Treatment Selection)
Not all acne is the same. Dermatologists classify them into:
Comedonal Acne — blackheads & whiteheads
Inflammatory Acne — red painful bumps
Nodulocystic Acne — deep cysts & nodules
Acne Scars & Marks
Pigmented marks (brown/red)
Indented scars (ice-pick, boxcar, rolling scars)
Thickened scars (keloids)
Each type requires a different clinical approach — for example, cystic acne responds better to hormonal or oral medication, while comedonal acne responds to peels or facials.